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fix(runtime): release owned instance-method returns that hit a cached wrapper - #569
Caches::Instances holds one retain per wrapped native object. When a call returns an object the caller owns (+1) and that object already has a JS wrapper, the +1 is surplus. Interop::GetResult released it only for class methods and C functions (#564), so for instance methods the object leaked one retain per call:
immutable.copy(), which returns [self retain];
X.alloc().init…() whenever the object gets wrapped during the initializer call: a JS initializer, or a native one that calls a JS-implemented method on the object. Those objects were never freed.
Instance methods were left out because two kinds of owned instance returns carry no net +1: methods that consume their receiver and return it, and JS implementations, which handed their result to native code at +0. The second was a bug of its own: a native caller of a JS copyWithZone:, mutableCopyWithZone:, new-family method or owned-return getter released an object it didn't own, and the object was freed under a live wrapper.
Fix
1. JS implementations hand owned results to native callers at +1
After SetValue wrote the result, ArgConverter::RetainOwnedResult retains it depending on how the method owns its return:
Method
Retained
copy, mutableCopy and new families, and metadata-flagged owned returns
always, the receiver included
initializers and -awakeAfterUsingCoder:
only when the result is not the receiver
anything else
never
This applies to JS-implemented methods (MethodCallback) and to JS-implemented property getters, both the ones defined in extend() and the ones redefined on a native class's prototype. The receiver is never released here.
The classification comes from the method's metadata, or from the selector's method family for methods the metadata doesn't describe (JS-exposed methods). For methods it is computed once and stored on the MethodCallbackWrapper. The receiver and self-wrap part of MethodCallback is untouched.
2. One rule for the cache-hit release
Interop::ReleasesCachedOwnedReturn(bool ownsReturnedObject, OwnedReturnReceiver receiver) is the only place that decides. GetResult and ArgConverter::ConstructObject (the new X() path) both call it.
instance method that leaves its receiver to the caller
yes, if the return is owned
AllocatedForCall
initializer on a receiver the runtime allocated for this call (X.alloc().init…(), new X())
yes, whatever the initializer returns
Consumed
initializer or -awakeAfterUsingCoder: on a receiver that existed before the call
never
Consumed covers re-initializing a wrapped object, super.init…() inside a JS initializer and Proto.initX.apply(this): that receiver's reference isn't the caller's to drop.
AllocatedForCall doesn't check that the result is the receiver. That is only balanced because every other initializer result arrives at +1: a native one by the init convention, a JS one through the retain in part 1. A comment next to the helper says so.
Interop::ConsumesReceiver treats initializers and -awakeAfterUsingCoder: as receiver-consuming. The metadata doesn't record ns_consumes_self, and awakeAfterUsingCoder: is the only NS_REPLACES_RECEIVER method in the iOS, visionOS and macOS SDKs, so no metadata change was needed.
3. The one consumed argument: unarchiver:didDecodeObject:
-[NSKeyedUnarchiverDelegate unarchiver:didDecodeObject:] takes its object argument at +1 (NS_RELEASES_ARGUMENT) and returns at +1. It is the only ObjC method with a consumed parameter in the iOS SDK, and the metadata doesn't record consumed parameters, so Interop::ConsumesArgument names it.
JS implementation called from native code: when it returns that argument, the result is neither retained nor released, because the consumed reference is the one being returned. When it returns anything else, nil included, the result is retained as in part 1 and the argument is released. Before, a delegate that substituted or dropped an object leaked the original.
Native implementation called from JS: the runtime retains the argument it passes, so the callee has the reference it consumes. Without that, the Kept release would over-release when the native implementation returns its argument.
Without metadata: a JS class that implements the method only through exposedMethods, without declaring the protocol, has no metadata and the selector is in no owned family. Interop::ReturnsRetained records its retained result next to the consumed argument, so a substituted object still goes back at +1.
Rejected calls: when MethodCallback returns early because the isolate is gone, it releases the consumed argument. That code reads only the native call, not the isolate.
Compatibility
JS implementations of owned-return methods and getters now return +1 to native callers. That is what ARC callers always assumed, but it changes the ownership contract, so this fits a minor release better than a patch.
One consequence: a method exposed through exposedMethods whose name is in the copy, mutableCopy or new family and returns an object now returns +1 as well. A caller that ignores the method family, such as performSelector: or KVC, leaks one retain per call.
Not fixed
The receiver of a JS initializer that returns a different object, or nil. When no super initializer consumed the receiver, its alloc +1 stays behind, through X.new(), new X() and X.alloc().init(). A JS -awakeAfterUsingCoder: that returns another object has the same problem. ObjC releases the original on self = other; a JS initializer can't, and the runtime can't tell whether a super initializer already did.
Consuming calls on a receiver that existed before the call. The runtime passes the receiver at +0, so a native initializer that substitutes it releases the reference Instances owns. A substitute that is already wrapped keeps its surplus +1, for example a cached singleton returned by super.init…() inside a JS initializer. Both are old behaviour.
Results marshalled to primitives.GetResult returns a JS string, number, date or boolean before the cache check without releasing an owned +1, so nsNumber.copy() leaks. One new consequence: a JS copyWithZone: that returns a string, called from JS through -copy, now leaks that NSString. Before, native callers over-released it.
A JS number or boolean returned where an object is expected is not written to the return slot. This is old behaviour.
Tests
32 new specs in NativeCallbackSelfTests.js, all with exact deallocation counts. New fixtures next to TNSAllocLog: TNSOwnedReturns (native callers that own a result and drop it, and an owned-return getter), TNSSwizzledOwnedReturns, TNSCodingAllocLog, TNSDecodeDelegate and TNSInitCallsHook.
immutable.copy() 50 times leaves the retain count unchanged;
X.alloc().init() with a JS initializer: state kept while native code holds the object, freed exactly once afterwards, also when only JS held it;
X.alloc().init() where the JS initializer returns another wrapped object, or a super initializer's substitute;
X.alloc().init() where a native initializer runs a JS method on its receiver;
a wrapped receiver initialized again (obj.init(), Proto.init.call(obj), apply) is not released;
a native caller that drops the result of a JS copyWithZone:, mutableCopyWithZone:, new-family method or awakeAfterUsingCoder:, returning the receiver or another object;
the same for a new-family method exposed without metadata, and for a JS replacement of a native class's owned-return method;
a JS owned-return getter, from extend() and redefined on a native class, read by native code and 20 times from JS;
obj.copy() called 20 times from JS on a JS copyWithZone:;
an unarchiver with a JS delegate that returns the decoded object unchanged, a substitute, or nil, against a control without a delegate, for a delegate that declares the protocol and for one that only uses exposedMethods; and a native delegate called from JS.
The early returns in MethodCallback have no spec: reaching them needs native code to call a JS-implemented object while its isolate is being torn down, which the suite can't time reliably.
Results:
With the fix: 1922 specs, 0 failures; under AddressSanitizer, 1922 specs, 0 failures, 0 ASan reports.
On main with the first 15 specs: the app crashes in objc_release during a collection, from the native-drop specs. With those six skipped, five specs fail on counts: the retain count is 51 instead of 1 after 50 copies, and the four alloc().init() objects are never freed.
On the first revision of this PR with the later specs: the app crashes in objc_release from the getter specs and the native-delegate spec. With those skipped, the unarchiver specs fail on counts: decoded objects are never freed when the JS delegate returns them unchanged, and the originals are never freed when it substitutes them.
On the second revision with the exposedMethods delegate specs: the substituting delegate crashes the app. The substitute was returned at +0 and freed while the decoded array still held it.
… wrapper
An owned result (copy, mutableCopy and new families, ns_returns_retained,
initializers) whose object already had a JS wrapper kept its +1 when the
method was an instance method: the Instances entry holds its own reference,
so the object leaked one retain per call. `immutable.copy()` and
`X.alloc().init…()` on a class whose initializer wraps the object (a JS
initializer, or a native one calling a JS-implemented method) both hit it.
The release was limited to class methods and C functions because two kinds
of owned instance returns carried no net +1: methods that consume their
receiver and answer it, and JS-implemented methods, which handed results to
native callers at +0. The second was a bug of its own: a native caller of a
JS copyWithZone:, mutableCopyWithZone: or new-family method released an
object it did not own, freeing it under a live wrapper.
- MethodCallback hands an owned result to native callers at +1: always for
the copy/mutableCopy/new families and metadata-flagged owned returns
(the receiver included), and for initializers and
-awakeAfterUsingCoder: when the result is not the receiver. The
classification comes from the method's metadata, or from the selector's
method family for methods the metadata does not describe, and is stored
on the MethodCallbackWrapper.
- Interop::ReleasesCachedOwnedReturn is the one cache-hit rule, used by
GetResult and ConstructObject: release unless the call consumed a
receiver that existed before it (re-init, super.init…() inside a JS
initializer, NS_REPLACES_RECEIVER on a live object). An initializer on a
receiver allocated for the call releases whatever it answers; Invoke
marks such calls on ObjCMethodCall.
- Interop::ConsumesReceiver treats the init family and
-awakeAfterUsingCoder: (the SDK's only NS_REPLACES_RECEIVER method) as
receiver-consuming; the metadata does not record ns_consumes_self.
Fixes#566
…owned result
SetValue writes a JS string only into an id or interface return slot and
leaves an instancetype slot untouched, so the retain for owned results
must not treat a string answered for an instancetype return as an object
it can retain.
The runtime now classifies receiver and return ownership for Objective-C calls and JavaScript-implemented methods. New fixtures and self-tests cover owned returns, initialization, and keyed-unarchiver delegate results.
Changes: Native return ownership
Layer / File(s)
Summary
Receiver classification and cached returns NativeScript/runtime/Interop.h, NativeScript/runtime/Interop.mm, NativeScript/runtime/ArgConverter.mm
Interop tracks receiver allocation and classifies consumed receivers and arguments. GetResult uses receiver status to decide whether to release a cached owned return.
An exposed unarchiver delegate declared without protocol metadata can hand a replacement object back to the system at the wrong retain count, which can cause an over-release crash. Separately, delegate calls rejected during runtime teardown leak a decoded-object reference. Fix the return-ownership classification before merging. The leak is minor but cheap to fix.
Pre-merge checks: 4
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Status
Explanation
Title check
The title "fix(runtime): release owned instance-method returns that hit a cached wrapper" matches the main change in the PR. The objectives describe owned Objective-C returns that hit an existing Java…
Linked Issues check
Directly linked issue #566 has coding requirements. The PR addresses each one in the reviewed summary and description.
(a) [#566] Owned instance-method returns on a cache hit. Interop::GetResult no…
Out of Scope Changes check
The changes sit within the ownership contract that #566 covers.
- ArgConverter.h/.mm, Interop.h/.mm, ClassBuilder.mm, MetadataBuilder.mm: these implement the owned-return classification, the …
Description Check
Check skipped - CodeRabbit’s high-level summary is enabled.
Full details: Title check
Explanation
The title "fix(runtime): release owned instance-method returns that hit a cached wrapper" matches the main change in the PR. The objectives describe owned Objective-C returns that hit an existing JavaScript wrapper, and the changes add ownership logic in ArgConverter, Interop, ClassBuilder, and MetadataBuilder to release or retain those results. The title is specific and short. It does not cover the JavaScript-implemented method retain changes, the unarchiver argument handling, or the property getter changes, but that is expected for a title.
Full details: Linked Issues check
Explanation
Directly linked issue #566 has coding requirements. The PR addresses each one in the reviewed summary and description.
(a) [#566] Owned instance-method returns on a cache hit. Interop::GetResult now calls Interop::ReleasesCachedOwnedReturn with an OwnedReturnReceiver. The Kept case releases the surplus +1 for owned returns. This covers immutable.copy(). A spec checks 50 copies with an unchanged retain count.
(b) [#566] X.alloc().init…() with a JS initializer, or a native initializer that calls a JS method on the receiver. The AllocatedForCall case releases the alloc +1 on a cache hit. The PR adds specs that check the object is freed exactly once. ConstructObject (new X()) uses the same rule.
(c) [#566] Two over-release risks. Interop::ConsumesReceiver treats initializers and -awakeAfterUsingCoder: as receiver-consuming, and the Consumed case never releases. A spec covers awakeAfterUsingCoder: returning its receiver.
(d) [#566] JS-implemented owned-return methods return +1 to native callers. ArgConverter::RetainOwnedResult runs after SetValue for MethodCallback and for JS property getters. The copy, mutableCopy and new families and metadata-flagged owned returns are retained, and initializers are retained when the result is not the receiver. The PR adds specs for native callers that drop a JS copyWithZone:, mutableCopyWithZone:, new-family method or awakeAfterUsingCoder:.
(e) [#566] A JS initializer that returns another object reaches its native caller at +1. The PR retains that result, and the AllocatedForCall release balances the cached result. The PR adds specs for an initializer that returns another wrapped object or a super initializer's substitute. Because the issue names X.new() and new X() with substituted objects, these paths matter. The PR reports a whole-suite ASan run with 0 reports. No single spec is listed for new X() with a substitute, so this check rests on the code path and the suite run.
The PR states the following items are not fixed. The issue does not require them as coding objectives. They are: the alloc +1 of a receiver that a JS initializer replaces without a super initializer consuming it; consuming calls on pre-existing receivers; and primitive-marshalled owned results.
No repository inspection was made for this assessment. The verdict relies on the PR description and the change summary.
Full details: Out of Scope Changes check
Explanation
The changes sit within the ownership contract that #566 covers.
ArgConverter.h/.mm, Interop.h/.mm, ClassBuilder.mm, MetadataBuilder.mm: these implement the owned-return classification, the cache-hit release rule, and the retain of JS results. Property getter retains apply the same rule to owned-return getters. The issue names metadata-flagged owned returns, so the getter path is a related extension.
unarchiver:didDecodeObject: consumed-argument handling (Interop::ConsumesArgument): this is not named in #566. It uses the same ownership mechanism, and the PR objectives state that it is part of this change. It is a related extension of the same contract, not an unrelated change.
TestFixtures/Marshalling/TNSAllocLog.h/.m and NativeCallbackSelfTests.js: these are supporting fixtures and tests for the requirements above.
No change was found that has no connection to the owned-return ownership work.
No repository inspection was made for this assessment. The verdict relies on the PR description and the change summary.
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A rabbit checks the copy’s count, Then watches wrappers hop about. New objects pass through careful paws, While delegates choose what each one draws. At last, each object rests without a leak.
… owned returns
-[NSKeyedUnarchiverDelegate unarchiver:didDecodeObject:] receives its object
argument at +1 (NS_RELEASES_ARGUMENT) and returns at +1. A JS implementation
that answered that same object was balanced only by accident before owned
results were retained, and now leaked one reference per decoded object; one
that answered another object, or nil, never released the argument at all.
The metadata does not record consumed parameters, so Interop::ConsumesArgument
names this one: MethodCallback neither retains nor releases an answered
consumed argument and releases it otherwise, and a call from JS to a native
implementation hands the callee the reference it consumes, which the
cached-owned-return release then balances.
Getters that JS implements, through extend() or by redefining a native
class's property, returned with SetValue alone, so native callers of a
copy/new-family getter got +0 where they own +1 and over-released the
result. They now take the same RetainOwnedResult path as methods, classified
by ArgConverter::ReturnOwnership from the getter's metadata.
Specs cover the unarchiver delegate (unchanged, substituted and nil answers
against a delegate-less control), a native delegate called from JS, JS
new-family getters read natively and from JS, methods without metadata
classified by name, JS replacements of a native class's owned-return method
and getter, and a native -init that runs a JS method on its receiver.
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Actionable comments posted: 2
Fix comments: Fix CodeRabbit comments on this PR
Prompt to fix all issues
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Inline comments:
Review comments at @NativeScript/runtime/ArgConverter.mm:
- Around line 559-562: Update the metadata-free ownership decision in
RetainOwnedResult so unarchiver:didDecodeObject: is explicitly classified as
returning an owned object, alongside the existing method-family checks. Preserve
metadata-based ownership when meta is present, and ensure a different
already-wrapped result receives the required retain.
- Around line 386-387: Move the consumed-argument capture in the
`unarchiver:didDecodeObject:` path before both isolate-validity guards, and
ensure each early return releases the consumed decoded-object reference using
the established native-only ownership cleanup. Keep the rejected-call behavior
of returning nil and avoid invoking JavaScript during cleanup.
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Files selected for processing: 9
NativeScript/runtime/ArgConverter.h
NativeScript/runtime/ArgConverter.mm
NativeScript/runtime/ClassBuilder.mm
NativeScript/runtime/Interop.h
NativeScript/runtime/Interop.mm
NativeScript/runtime/MetadataBuilder.mm
TestFixtures/Marshalling/TNSAllocLog.h
TestFixtures/Marshalling/TNSAllocLog.m
TestRunner/app/tests/NativeCallbackSelfTests.js
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…lease consumed arguments on rejected calls
A JS class that implements -unarchiver:didDecodeObject: through
exposedMethods, without declaring NSKeyedUnarchiverDelegate, has no
metadata, and the selector-family classification called it unowned. A
substituted object then went back to the unarchiver at +0 and was freed
while the decoded graph still held it. Interop::ReturnsRetained records the
selector's retained result next to its consumed argument, and the
no-metadata branch of ArgConverter::ReturnOwnership consults it.
MethodCallback's two isolate-validity guards answered nil without
releasing the argument the method consumes, leaking it for every call
rejected during teardown. The consumed argument is now found once, before
the guards, from the native call alone, and both guards release it.
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What
Fixes #566.
Caches::Instancesholds one retain per wrapped native object. When a call returns an object the caller owns (+1) and that object already has a JS wrapper, the +1 is surplus.Interop::GetResultreleased it only for class methods and C functions (#564), so for instance methods the object leaked one retain per call:immutable.copy(), which returns[self retain];X.alloc().init…()whenever the object gets wrapped during the initializer call: a JS initializer, or a native one that calls a JS-implemented method on the object. Those objects were never freed.Instance methods were left out because two kinds of owned instance returns carry no net +1: methods that consume their receiver and return it, and JS implementations, which handed their result to native code at +0. The second was a bug of its own: a native caller of a JS
copyWithZone:,mutableCopyWithZone:,new-family method or owned-return getter released an object it didn't own, and the object was freed under a live wrapper.Fix
1. JS implementations hand owned results to native callers at +1
After
SetValuewrote the result,ArgConverter::RetainOwnedResultretains it depending on how the method owns its return:copy,mutableCopyandnewfamilies, and metadata-flagged owned returns-awakeAfterUsingCoder:This applies to JS-implemented methods (
MethodCallback) and to JS-implemented property getters, both the ones defined inextend()and the ones redefined on a native class's prototype. The receiver is never released here.The classification comes from the method's metadata, or from the selector's method family for methods the metadata doesn't describe (JS-exposed methods). For methods it is computed once and stored on the
MethodCallbackWrapper. The receiver and self-wrap part ofMethodCallbackis untouched.2. One rule for the cache-hit release
Interop::ReleasesCachedOwnedReturn(bool ownsReturnedObject, OwnedReturnReceiver receiver)is the only place that decides.GetResultandArgConverter::ConstructObject(thenew X()path) both call it.OwnedReturnReceiverNoneKeptAllocatedForCallX.alloc().init…(),new X())Consumed-awakeAfterUsingCoder:on a receiver that existed before the callConsumedcovers re-initializing a wrapped object,super.init…()inside a JS initializer andProto.initX.apply(this): that receiver's reference isn't the caller's to drop.AllocatedForCalldoesn't check that the result is the receiver. That is only balanced because every other initializer result arrives at +1: a native one by the init convention, a JS one through the retain in part 1. A comment next to the helper says so.Interop::ConsumesReceivertreats initializers and-awakeAfterUsingCoder:as receiver-consuming. The metadata doesn't recordns_consumes_self, andawakeAfterUsingCoder:is the onlyNS_REPLACES_RECEIVERmethod in the iOS, visionOS and macOS SDKs, so no metadata change was needed.3. The one consumed argument:
unarchiver:didDecodeObject:-[NSKeyedUnarchiverDelegate unarchiver:didDecodeObject:]takes its object argument at +1 (NS_RELEASES_ARGUMENT) and returns at +1. It is the only ObjC method with a consumed parameter in the iOS SDK, and the metadata doesn't record consumed parameters, soInterop::ConsumesArgumentnames it.Keptrelease would over-release when the native implementation returns its argument.exposedMethods, without declaring the protocol, has no metadata and the selector is in no owned family.Interop::ReturnsRetainedrecords its retained result next to the consumed argument, so a substituted object still goes back at +1.MethodCallbackreturns early because the isolate is gone, it releases the consumed argument. That code reads only the native call, not the isolate.Compatibility
JS implementations of owned-return methods and getters now return +1 to native callers. That is what ARC callers always assumed, but it changes the ownership contract, so this fits a minor release better than a patch.
One consequence: a method exposed through
exposedMethodswhose name is in thecopy,mutableCopyornewfamily and returns an object now returns +1 as well. A caller that ignores the method family, such asperformSelector:or KVC, leaks one retain per call.Not fixed
X.new(),new X()andX.alloc().init(). A JS-awakeAfterUsingCoder:that returns another object has the same problem. ObjC releases the original onself = other; a JS initializer can't, and the runtime can't tell whether a super initializer already did.Instancesowns. A substitute that is already wrapped keeps its surplus +1, for example a cached singleton returned bysuper.init…()inside a JS initializer. Both are old behaviour.GetResultreturns a JS string, number, date or boolean before the cache check without releasing an owned +1, sonsNumber.copy()leaks. One new consequence: a JScopyWithZone:that returns a string, called from JS through-copy, now leaks thatNSString. Before, native callers over-released it.Tests
32 new specs in
NativeCallbackSelfTests.js, all with exact deallocation counts. New fixtures next toTNSAllocLog:TNSOwnedReturns(native callers that own a result and drop it, and an owned-return getter),TNSSwizzledOwnedReturns,TNSCodingAllocLog,TNSDecodeDelegateandTNSInitCallsHook.immutable.copy()50 times leaves the retain count unchanged;X.alloc().init()with a JS initializer: state kept while native code holds the object, freed exactly once afterwards, also when only JS held it;X.alloc().init()where the JS initializer returns another wrapped object, or a super initializer's substitute;X.alloc().init()where a native initializer runs a JS method on its receiver;obj.init(),Proto.init.call(obj),apply) is not released;copyWithZone:,mutableCopyWithZone:,new-family method orawakeAfterUsingCoder:, returning the receiver or another object;new-family method exposed without metadata, and for a JS replacement of a native class's owned-return method;extend()and redefined on a native class, read by native code and 20 times from JS;obj.copy()called 20 times from JS on a JScopyWithZone:;exposedMethods; and a native delegate called from JS.The early returns in
MethodCallbackhave no spec: reaching them needs native code to call a JS-implemented object while its isolate is being torn down, which the suite can't time reliably.Results:
mainwith the first 15 specs: the app crashes inobjc_releaseduring a collection, from the native-drop specs. With those six skipped, five specs fail on counts: the retain count is 51 instead of 1 after 50 copies, and the fouralloc().init()objects are never freed.objc_releasefrom the getter specs and the native-delegate spec. With those skipped, the unarchiver specs fail on counts: decoded objects are never freed when the JS delegate returns them unchanged, and the originals are never freed when it substitutes them.exposedMethodsdelegate specs: the substituting delegate crashes the app. The substitute was returned at +0 and freed while the decoded array still held it.